Water Cycle Algorithm Optimized Type II Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Multi-Area, Multi-Fuel System with Communication Time Delays

This paper puts forward the implementation of an intelligent type II fuzzy PID (T2-FPID) controller tweaked with a water cycle algorithm (WCA), subjected to error multiplied time area over integral (ITAE) objective index for regularizing variations in frequency and interline power flow interconnected system during load disturbances. The WCA-based T2-FPID is tested on multi-area (MA) comprising thermal-hydro-nuclear (THN) (MATHN) plants each area. dynamical behavior analyzed upon penetrating 1 step perturbation (SLP) 10%. However, practicality constraints, such as generation rate constraints (GRCs) delays communication (CTDs), are examined. Afterward, territorial control scheme superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unified (UPFC) installed further enhance performance. dominancy presented WCA-tuned revealed by testing it widely used dual-area hydro-thermal (DAHT) model named test this paper. Analysis reveals efficacy other approaches reported recent literature. Finally, secondary regulation schemes sensitivity analysis deliberate robustness.